Seed storage is not difficult, but it makes the difference between seeds that last for years, and seeds that refuse to sprout after only a few months. The trick is to keep them dry and cold, and dry is more important than cold.
Whitehouse Bird Seed Zip
Seeds have little living plants inside, and a small amount of stored food. When they're warm and moist seeds get excited and ready to sprout, so they eat up their food quickly. When they're dry and cold they go dormant like hibernating animals, and eat their food slowly. The more dormant they are, the longer the food lasts, so the longer the seed stays alive and is able to sprout.
Usually, basements are fairly humid. Even if they are finished, most basements don't have the same ventilation as the upper floors of a house so moisture from the walls can enter the air. If you have any problems with water or humidity in your basement, that is definitely not a good place to keep your seeds.
Once your seeds are fully dry you can store them in a humid basement if they're in air-tight containers. Even if the basement is a bit humid, the dry air inside the containers plus the cool downstairs temperature should help your seeds to last a long time.
You might think a fridge would be a good place to keep seeds cold, but that can be a real mistake. Fridges are cold, but they're also very wet and humid. Even chilly seeds will expire quickly if they absorb moisture from such a humid place.
Maybe you have a garage built onto your house, where some warmth comes in during the winter. It's probably a convenient place to keep seeds, because it's handy to the garden and where you keep your tools. Unfortunately during winter those kind of garages tend to warm up when the door is closed, then suddenly cool down when the door is opened. That leads to condensation on all surfaces in the garage, including on your seeds. When they absorb the moisture, the seeds can lose some dormancy, but worse, they can be damaged if that moisture freezes.
Sometimes, an unheated garage or shed is a good place. As long as your seeds have been able to dry completely, they can freeze without a lot of damage. Since changes of temperature are gradual outdoors, there is less danger of condensation, and winter air tends to keep the seeds dry anyway. The important thing is make sure that the place stays dry. Or you can put your seeds in glass jars and let them freeze - as long as they're well dried when you seal the jars.
There are lots of places where you can store seeds successfully, as long as you avoid humidity and moisture, and only put seeds in air-tight containers after they have had a least a month to fully dry out. If you can keep them dry and cold, that's perfect. If you can only find a place that's dry and warm, or moist and cold, then make sure you keep them dry at least. Then your seeds will sprout reliably in the spring, which makes saving your seeds worth the effort after all!
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